Building a WiFi-Controlled Car with ESP8266 and L293D Motor Driver: A Step-by-Step Guide

Introduction:

Rev up your DIY spirit as we venture into the exciting world of creating a WiFi-controlled car using the popular ESP8266 microcontroller and the versatile L293D motor driver. In this comprehensive guide, we'll take you through each step of the process, from assembling the components to coding the controls. By the end, you'll have a functional WiFi car that you can steer remotely using your smartphone or computer.

Prerequisites:

Before diving into this exciting project, gather the following components:

ESP8266 Board: A WiFi-enabled microcontroller.

L293D Motor Driver: To control the motors' movement.

DC Motors: Four motors for the car's motion.

Chassis and Wheels: The physical structure of the car.

Power Supply: Batteries to power the motors and ESP8266.

Jumper Wires: For connecting the components.

Arduino IDE: The platform for programming and code upload.

Project Overview:

This project involves building a WiFi-controlled car that can move forward, backward, left, and right. We'll connect the ESP8266 to the L293D motor driver to control the direction and speed of the motors. By creating a web-based interface, you can steer the car using any WiFi-enabled device.

Circuit:

Code:

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

#include <WiFiClient.h>

#include <ESP8266WebServer.h>

#include <WebSocketsServer.h>

#include <Hash.h>

//SSID and Password to your ESP Access Point

const char* ssid = "meworkswificar";

const char* password = "87654321";

#define ENA 4 // Enable/speed motors Right GPIO4(D2)

#define IN_1 0 // L298N in1 motors Right GPIO0(D3)

#define IN_2 2 // L298N in2 motors Right GPIO2(D4)

#define IN_3 12 // L298N in3 motors Left GPIO12(D6)

#define IN_4 13 // L298N in4 motors Left GPIO13(D7)

#define ENB 15 // Enable/speed motors Left GPIO15(D8)

int speedCar = 150; // 0 to 255

char Data;

static const char PROGMEM INDEX_HTML[] = R"rawliteral(

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>ESP8266 Robot</title>

<style>

"body { background-color: #808080; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; Color: #000000; }"

#JD {

text-align: center;

}

#JD {

text-align: center;

font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Lucida Grande", sans-serif;

font-size: 24px;

}

.foot {

text-align: center;

font-family: "Comic Sans MS", cursive;

font-size: 30px;

color: #F00;

}

.button {

border: none;

color: white;

padding: 17px;

text-align: center;

text-decoration: none;

display: inline-block;

font-size: 16px;

margin: 4px 2px;

cursor: pointer;

border-radius: 12px;

width: 100%;

}

.red {background-color: #F00;}

.green {background-color: rgb(49, 139, 180);}

.yellow {background-color:#F90;}

.blue {background-color:rgb(204, 201, 0);}

</style>

var websock;

function start() {

websock = new WebSocket('ws://' + window.location.hostname + ':81/');

websock.onopen = function(evt) { console.log('websock open'); };

websock.onclose = function(evt) { console.log('websock close'); };

websock.onerror = function(evt) { console.log(evt); };

websock.onmessage = function(evt) {

console.log(evt);

var e = document.getElementById('ledstatus');

if (evt.data === 'ledon') {

e.style.color = 'red';

}

else if (evt.data === 'ledoff') {

e.style.color = 'black';

}

else {

console.log('unknown event');

}

};

}

function buttonclick(e) {

websock.send(e.id);

}

</script>

</head>

<tr>

<td bgcolor="" id="JD">wifi car controller</td>

</tr>

</table>

<label>

<button id="F" type="button" onclick="buttonclick(this);" class="button green">Forward</button>

</label>

</form></td>

</tr>

<label>

</label>

</form></td>

<label>

</label>

</form></td>

<label>

<button id="R" type="button" onclick="buttonclick(this);" class="button green">right</button>

</label>

</form></td>

</tr>

<label>

<button id="B" type="button" onclick="buttonclick(this);" class="button green">Backward</button>

</label>

</form></td>

</tr>

<label>

<button id="a" type="button" onclick="buttonclick(this);" class="button blue">Speed Low</button>

</label>

</form></td>

<label>

<button id="b" type="button" onclick="buttonclick(this);" class="button blue">Speed Medium</button>

</label>

</form></td>

<label>

<button id="c" type="button" onclick="buttonclick(this);" class="button blue">Speed High</button>

</label>

</form></td>

</tr>

</table>

<p class="foot">meworkstelugu</p>

</body>

</html>

)rawliteral";

WebSocketsServer webSocket = WebSocketsServer(81);

ESP8266WebServer server(80);

void setup() {

Serial.begin(115200);

pinMode(ENA, OUTPUT);

pinMode(IN_1, OUTPUT);

pinMode(IN_2, OUTPUT);

pinMode(IN_3, OUTPUT);

pinMode(IN_4, OUTPUT);

pinMode(ENB, OUTPUT);

delay(1000);

Serial.println (">> Setup");

WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP); //Only Access point

WiFi.softAP(ssid, password); //Start HOTspot removing password will disable security

IPAddress myIP = WiFi.softAPIP(); //Get IP address

Serial.println("");

Serial.print("Connected to ");

Serial.println(ssid);

Serial.print("IP address: ");

Serial.println(myIP);

server.on("/", [](){

server.send(200, "text/html", INDEX_HTML);

});

server.begin();

webSocket.begin();

webSocket.onEvent(webSocketEvent);

}

void loop() {

if(Data=='a')speedCar = 70;

else if(Data=='b')speedCar = 150;

else if(Data=='c')speedCar = 255;

else if(Data=='F')forword();

else if(Data=='B')backword();

else if(Data=='R')turnRight();

else if(Data=='L')turnLeft();

else if(Data=='S')Stop();

analogWrite(ENA, speedCar);

analogWrite(ENB, speedCar);

webSocket.loop();

server.handleClient();

}

void webSocketEvent(uint8_t num, WStype_t type,uint8_t * Payload, size_t length){

switch(type) {

case WStype_DISCONNECTED:

//Serial.printf("[%u] Disconnected!\r\n", num);

break;

case WStype_CONNECTED:

{IPAddress ip = webSocket.remoteIP(num);}

break;

case WStype_TEXT:

//Serial.printf("%s\r\n", Payload);

Data = Payload[0];

Serial.println(Data);

// send data to all connected clients

webSocket.broadcastTXT(Payload, length);

break;

case WStype_BIN:

hexdump(Payload, length);

// echo data back to browser

webSocket.sendBIN(num, Payload, length);

break;

default:

break;

}

void forword(){ //forword

digitalWrite(IN_1, HIGH); //Right Motor forword Pin

digitalWrite(IN_2, LOW); //Right Motor backword Pin

digitalWrite(IN_3, LOW); //Left Motor backword Pin

digitalWrite(IN_4, HIGH); //Left Motor forword Pin

}

void backword(){ //backword

digitalWrite(IN_1, LOW); //Right Motor forword Pin

digitalWrite(IN_2, HIGH); //Right Motor backword Pin

digitalWrite(IN_3, HIGH); //Left Motor backword Pin

digitalWrite(IN_4, LOW); //Left Motor forword Pin

}

void turnRight(){ //turnRight

digitalWrite(IN_1, LOW); //Right Motor forword Pin

digitalWrite(IN_2, HIGH); //Right Motor backword Pin

digitalWrite(IN_3, LOW); //Left Motor backword Pin

digitalWrite(IN_4, HIGH); //Left Motor forword Pin

}

void turnLeft(){ //turnLeft

digitalWrite(IN_1, HIGH); //Right Motor forword Pin

digitalWrite(IN_2, LOW); //Right Motor backword Pin

digitalWrite(IN_3, HIGH); //Left Motor backword Pin

digitalWrite(IN_4, LOW); //Left Motor forword Pin

}

void Stop(){ //stop

digitalWrite(IN_1, LOW); //Right Motor forword Pin

digitalWrite(IN_2, LOW); //Right Motor backword Pin

digitalWrite(IN_3, LOW); //Left Motor backword Pin

digitalWrite(IN_4, LOW); //Left Motor forword Pin

}

Download Code

Conclusion:

With the ESP8266, L293D motor driver, and your creativity at hand, you've embarked on an exhilarating journey to create a WiFi-controlled car. As you steer the car using a smartphone or computer, you're experiencing the thrill of technology coming to life. This project not only enhances your technical skills but also opens the door to limitless possibilities in robotics and automation. So, gather your components, follow the steps outlined in this guide, and set the wheels of innovation in motion as you build your very own WiFi-controlled car.

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Building a WiFi-Controlled Car with ESP8266 and L293D Motor Driver: A Step-by-Step Guide

Introduction:

Prerequisites:

Project Overview:

Circuit:

Code:

Conclusion:

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